The framework for action for male engagement in HIV testing, treatment and prevention in eastern and southern Africa provides a foundation for country-led movement to achieve the globally agreed HIV goals in the Global AIDS Strategy 2021–2026 and work towards achieving gender equality. Integral to achieving these targets is successfully reducing new HIV infections and AIDS- related deaths among men and boys and decreasing HIV-related vulnerability. The framework categorizes existing research and best practice, outlining the necessary building blocks for planning, implementing and monitoring improvement in the HIV response among men and boys within a broader gender equality framework.