Linking men who test HIV-positive to care and enabling them to remain on treatment and achieve stable viral suppression is a major challenge. It is vital therefore to improving linkages to care, and once in care, supporting continued adherence to treatment. These include:
- Simplify linkage and access to treatment & care (e.g. extended hours, appointments, male corners, community distribution)
- Utilise male-sensitive treatment & adherence messaging
- Scale up adherence and psychological support for men & boys (initial & ongoing)

Presentation | 2019 | Prevention, Testing, Treatment & Adherence
Breaking the cycle of transmission: Qualitative research findings
Increasing uptake of HIV testing, prevention and linkage to treatment among young men in South Africa
Document | 2019 | Prevention, Testing, Treatment & Adherence
Breaking the Cycle of Transmission: Quantitative Research Findings and Segmentation
An overview of the quantitative research and segmentation from research seeking to break the cycle of HIV transmission by increasing uptake of HIV testing, prevention, and linkage to treatment among young men in South Africa.
Report | 2017 | Treatment & Adherence
Differentiated care for HIV: A Decision framework for differentiated antiretroviral therapy delivery.
This document shows how differentiated care for ART delivery is needed for children, adolescents and pregnant and breastfeeding women.
Research article | 2017 | Treatment & Adherence
Men’s perception of treatment as prevention in South Africa: Implications for engagement in HIV care and treatment.
While South Africa provides universal access to treatment, HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake remains low, particularly among men. Little is known about community awareness of the effects of treatment on preventing transmission, and how this information might impact HIV service utilization. This qualitative study explored understandings of treatment as prevention among rural South African men.
Report | 2016 | Prevention, Testing, Treatment & Adherence
Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations
In this new consolidated guidelines document on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations, the World Health Organization (WHO) brings together all existing guidance relevant to five key populations – men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, people in prisons and other closed settings, sex workers and transgender people.
Report | 2015 | Prevention, Structural Enablers, Treatment & Adherence
HIV and key populations
This document summarises the 2014 WHO Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations and outlines what this means at the country level.
Report | 2015 | Prevention, Testing, Treatment & Adherence
HIV and young men who have sex with men
This technical brief is one in a series addressing four young key populations. This brief aims to catalyse and inform discussions about how best to provide services, programmes and support for young MSM.
Report | 2015 | Prevention, Testing, Treatment & Adherence
HIV and young men who inject drugs
This technical brief is one in a series addressing four young key populations. This brief aims to catalyze and inform discussions about how best to provide services, programmes and support for young people who inject drugs.
Report | 2015 | Prevention, Testing, Treatment & Adherence
HIV and young people who sell sex
This technical brief is one in a series addressing four young key populations. This brief aims to catalyze and inform discussions about how best to provide services, programmes, and support for young people who sell sex.
Report | 2015 | Prevention, Testing, Treatment & Adherence
HIV and young transgender people
This technical brief is one in a series addressing four young key populations. This brief aims to catalyze and inform discussions about how best to provide services, programmes and support for transgender people.
Curriculum, training & tools | 2015 | Prevention, Structural Enablers, Treatment & Adherence
Implementing Comprehensive HIV and STI Programmes with Men Who Have Sex with Men: Practical guidance for collaborative interventions
This document sets out technical recommendations on effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men. It also contains examples of good practice from around the world that may support efforts in planning programs and services and describes issues that should be considered and how to overcome…